Employment, Social Security, and Taxes
Employment in F-1 and J-1 status
There are several categories of work authorization available for F-1 and J-1 students:
On-Campus Employment
Students in F-1 and J-1 status may work on-campus during their studies. F-1 students are automatically eligible and do not need to complete any paperwork. J-1 students must request authorization to be employed.
If you are a J-1 student, please click here for instructions on gaining on-campus work permission.
Both F-1 and J-1 students should read the F-1 and J-1 Student Guide to Working On-Campus.
Practical Training for F-1 students
There are two types of practical training available to F-1 visa students. Curricular Practical Training (CPT) is for employment that is an integral part of a student's degree program, such as an internship done for credit.
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is for F-1 students to gain further experience in their field of study outside of degree requirements. It is normally used following completion of a student's degree program, although in some cases it can be used earlier.
Please click on the appropriate link below for further information.
Economic Hardship Employment Authorization for F-1 and J-1 Students
Current students experiencing severe financial difficulties should consult with an advisor about Economic Hardship Employment Authorization. To qualify, you must be able to document that your situation is severe, unexpected, and beyond your control. Please click here for details.
Academic Training for J-1 Students
Academic Training (AT) allows students in J-1 visa status to gain experience in their field of study during their degree program or after graduation. Click here for more information.
Work Permission for Individuals in J-2 Status
Individuals in J-2 dependent status may apply for permission to work in the United States. For more information on this process, please click here
Social Security Numbers (SSN)
Social Security Numbers are only available for employment purposes. F-1 and J-1 students who are not employed are not eligible to apply for an SSN. If you have been offered employment and have the proper employment authorization, then please click here to read more.
Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN)
Students with a fellowship or scholarship are not eligible for an SSN, but need to apply for an Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN) for taxpaying purposes. Please click here to learn more.